已经进入拉尼娜状态
1、30天SOI超10;90天SOI近5;4月SOI约14.5;5月SOI约102、按EC距平基准,海表温度距平和次表层温度距平已经呈现拉尼娜状态
3、按CPC距平基准,逐日海表温度距平即将进入拉尼娜状态;每周海表温度距平进入拉尼娜状态
4、按CPC距平基准,海平面高度距平呈现标准拉尼娜状态
5、按OLR分布和距平,沃克环流已经呈现拉尼娜状态
综上5点,足够判断:赤道太平洋已经进入拉尼娜状态。同时,CFS气候数值同步调强冷水强度,如图。
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1、圣女初生(2010-2011年拉尼娜)
2、2010年ENSO監察專帖 这两年el nino & la nina的转换很快嘛 12日统计的海平面高度距平,继续向拉尼娜状态加强 Sea surface temperatures in the central equatorial Pacific have continued to cool over the past fortnight, and hence the tropical Pacific is now generally cooler than average east of the date-line. Below the surface, temperatures also remain significantly cooler than average, with some areas more than 4°C cooler than normal. Trade winds in the western Pacific remain stronger than normal and cloudiness near the date-line continues to be suppressed. These indicators, together with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), which has been positive since April, are consistent with the developing stages of a La Nina event.
When compared with two weeks ago, the weekly SST anomaly map shows a slight increase in the area of cool anomalies in the central and far eastern equatorial Pacific. This area now extends from the South American coast to the date-line and in places, the ocean is more than 1°C cooler than normal for this time of the year. Warm anomalies remain evident in the Maritime Continent region.
Regions Previous Current Temperature change (2 weeks)
Nino 3 −0.4 −0.4 no change
Nino 3.4 −0.4 −0.5 0.1°C cooler
Nino 4 0.0 −0.2 0.2°C cooler
赤道中太平洋的海温在过去的两星期继续变冷,日期变更线以东的热带太平洋总体比正常更冷,海表面以下某些区域的温度甚至比正常低4度,西太信风比正常更强,结合SOI指数看,正向拉尼娜方向发展。与两星期以前相比,赤道中东太平洋海温负距平有轻微增加。从南美至日变线一带海域的海温比正常偏低1度。计算机模型显示,拉尼娜现象将继续加强并维持,且持续至明年2月。 BOM21日这一报貌似是第一报承认进入拉尼娜,并将2010年定义为拉尼娜年,原文如下,有劳老鸟以主题帖翻译一下(包括各监测因子),或等我找时间翻译。
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/enso/
Pacific Ocean in early stages of a La Niña event
Issued on Wednesday 21 July 2010 | Product Code IDCKGEWWOO
Tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures continued to cool over the past fortnight, and are now approaching levels typical of a La Niña. Similarly, other ENSO indicators are also at or exceeding La Niña thresholds. As computer models predict the central Pacific will continue to cool over the coming months, it is now highly likely that the Pacific is in the early stages of a La Niña event, and that 2010 will be considered a La Niña year.
Signs of an emerging La Niña event have been apparent in the equatorial Pacific for several months. Pacific Ocean temperatures have cooled steadily throughout the year and are now more than 1°C cooler than average in some areas on the equator. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) has increased in value and is currently around +14, trade winds continue to be stronger than average and cloudiness has remained suppressed over the central Pacific. All of these key indicators are at levels typical of the early stages of a La Niña event.
La Niña periods are usually, but not always, associated with above normal rainfall during the second half of the year across large parts of Australia, most notably eastern and northern regions. Night time temperatures are typically warmer than average and Tropical Cyclone risk for northern Australia increases during the cyclone season (November-April).
进入拉尼娜现象的早期阶段
过去两周,热带太平洋水温持续变冷,现已接近拉尼娜水平。其他ENSO的指标也达到或越过拉尼娜的门槛。同时,电脑模式预测中太在未来几个月内也会持续降温,现在很有可能进入拉尼娜的早期阶段,2010年将被视为拉尼娜年。
太平洋气温稳步下降,现在在赤道一些地区海温比正常偏低1度。南方涛动指数(SOI)增加,现在大约+14。信风强于正常水平,赤道中太平洋云量减少。这些指标都预示着进入拉尼娜早期阶段。
拉尼娜期间一般会但也不是绝对地——澳大利亚的大部分地区今年下半年雨量会超出正常水平,尤其是东部和北部地区。夜温会高于平常,澳大利亚北部在风季受到热带气旋侵袭的风险在增加。 CMA也确认拉尼娜状态:
最新监测显示,目前赤道中东太平洋地区大范围平均海表温度较常年同期偏低0.6℃,已经由厄尔尼诺事件转入拉尼娜状态。预计拉尼娜状态将继续发展,且持续超过半年,最终形成一次拉尼娜事件。
伴随拉尼娜事件的发生,热带西太平洋地区海水通常会出现偏暖现象。受其影响,热带西太平洋对流活动将逐步加强,台风活动将由前期偏少转变为后期偏多。预计今年下半年,在西北太平洋和南海海域共有20~22个热带气旋生成,接近常年同期(平均22个)略偏少,有6~7个登陆我国,接近常年同期(平均6个)略偏多。需警惕后期台风活动对我国特别是沿海地区的影响。
拉尼娜通过改变大气环流进而影响天气气候。中国气象局将密切关注此次拉尼娜事件的发展动向及其对我国天气气候的可能影响,及时报告相关信息。
踏入7月中旬,拉尼娜現象仍然持續,直至7月18日的過去一週,Nino3 & Nino4地區SST Index分別為-0.55和-0.25,在低位徘徊~而Nino3.4的SST Index呎則持續下跌至-0.79~由年初玨今,該區已經由+1.9度左右暴跌了2.7度~急轉程度是近年罕見~
而近岸的Nino1地區,踏入7月就立刻大跌了1度左右~現時是-1.17度(圖略)
由全球SSTA圖可見,近日秘魯冷空氣非常活躍,近岸地區水溫一律比正常低了2度以上,而赤道中東太平洋的冷水面積有向西北擴張之勢~
http://d4sqxw.blu.livefilestore.com/y1ptgFZ90iGv5HIQG0tl_gRe3DNk41Jf1mdHCJmeHtiMWaRQQwxKzTxKl6f70k6OuwwKAZo4RVyAcw9gUYfbxUPxRvPHqV8GNzP/anomnight.7.22.2010.gif?psid=1 而次表層海溫圖可見西經110度的海底出現-6度以上的冷水~而冷水亦已經全面控制中東太平洋的海底~由上層海洋熱容量則見目前中東太平洋海底明顯偏負但沒有再加強
而SOI過去30天移動平均則再創新高,達+17~接近09年初的水平,而西太一側的赤道太平洋的信風則明顯偏強
從OLR距平圖看~過去一週,南海和印度洋OLR偏低,該處對流活躍~印證沃克環流回復正常(下沉支回歸中太平洋),亦可能和MJO活動東移有關
http://public.blu.livefilestore.com/y1pAkaZIW6dUFJplUOsjNufZGeZ63RBCEloJ-EhhDBRWc01Gm695yIUus3jilj26Xgqf5EvTVy774_JG7fq359Llg/olr.alt.anom.png?psid=1
最後,西北太平洋副高脊線在7月第三候開始明顯轉為偏北,脊線突破北緯30度~ 9# dnt02
这样子其实不用“确认”,已经不算弱了,而且各因子无一存在意外的可能性。
不过由于各机构定了一套不标准的标准,结果变成“确认”的“滞后效应”了。
PS.
建议发OLR时,发实况和距平两图,貌似大多数人没了解。
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